• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention refers to a lightweight carriage mechanism that allows the placement of bituminous sheets [7] on flat roofs. The sheet is unwound by an auxiliary wheel [8] and guided by two lateral stops [6] attached to the carriage [1, 2 and 5]. Furthermore, said mechanism consists of a plurality of radiation heaters [4 and 9] arranged around the sheet to be placed that allows it to be heated uniformly and continuously for its adhesion on the surface. It also consists of a crushing system [3] to guarantee the tightness of the adhesion and an enclosure [10] to maximize the use of heat. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2737755A1
    申请号:ES201830702
    申请日:2018-07-13
    公开日:2020-01-15
    发明作者:Jimenez Efrén Diez；Sanchez Alberto Vidal；Abad Eduardo Corral；Garcia María Jesús Gomez
    申请人:Universidad de Alcala de Henares UAH；Universidad Carlos III de Madrid；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002] Light mechanism for the rapid laying of bituminous sheets in waterproofing of flat roofs
    [0003]
    [0004] Object of the invention
    [0005]
    [0006] The present invention refers to a lightweight carriage mechanism that allows the placement of bituminous sheets on flat roofs.
    [0007]
    [0008] State of the art
    [0009]
    [0010] Currently the placement of the waterproofing is usually done manually. In addition, the operators have to perform various tasks: staking for the placement of the sheets, calculation of the number of sheets to be placed, unwinding of the waterproofing sheet and heating of the sheet. Due to this large number of tasks, a second operator is usually necessary for the correct placement of the waterproofing. The low efficiency of this method of placement of the waterproofing has caused that in the last decade new systems and equipment are sought to facilitate and improve these methods.
    [0011]
    [0012] The so-called "traditional construction" has great shortcomings and some of its processes can be automated. The placement of the waterproofing sheets has two clear ways of improvement: the efficiency in time and quality and the safety and health of the workers. In this last aspect, it should be noted that inappropriate or forced postures and movements that cause an increase in the number of injuries continue to be adopted, making this work, among others, not allow the accident rate in the construction sector decreases as detailed in the 2016 Occupational Accident Report (from INSHT) where it is indicated that the number of minor accidents has increased by 10.0% and serious accidents by 9.2% compared to the previous year. In addition to this clear deficiency, the manual placement of the waterproofing does not allow evenly and continuously to heat the bitumen of the bituminous sheet, which causes air bubbles or folds that cause puncture breaks when placing the material on it Cover finish. Also, it is difficult to make the overlaps correctly adhered to the adjacent sheets, being a key point to consider as this is where the main pathologies occur in the roofs. Finally, indicate that automating the placement of bituminous sheets decreases the time invested in the game of decks, which makes the cost of this one less. That is why a series of developments and products have been proposed to facilitate waterproofing.
    [0013]
    [0014] The main technical developments of the present invention are: absence of burners and fuel, replaced by radiation heaters thus avoiding the use of fuels; absence of auxiliary rollers for unwinding, reducing weight significantly; disposition of the roll to adhere walking forward, reducing the risks of falls. Next, we detail the relevant developments, patents and products that have been located.
    [0015]
    [0016] In 1971, patent DE-A 1652399 appears - Vorrichtung zum Erwarmen und Aufkleben von Materialbahnen auf Unterlagen (Device for heating and gluing a rolled material on a substrate) that allows to install a sheet by applying heat on it with the use of a series of torches placed across the bituminous sheet. It also has a roller system that extends the fabric to heat it on an inclined surface and on which the sheet slides until it passes through another roller that adheres it, in all its width, to the substrate to be waterproofed. Finally, a solid base is included on which to support the gas cylinder. The main difference is that in this patent burners and fuel are used while in the present application of the invention it is proposed to apply the heat by infrared radiation. In addition, it presents other differences with respect to the invention of the present application among which is the direction of travel of the operator that is backwards, preventing to see if there are elements in the substrate that can cause their fall; the distance between the zone of application of heat in the bituminous sheet and the substrate, which causes a cooling prior to the undesirable adhesion. Finally, auxiliary rollers are needed to unwind the sheet and a carriage rigid enough to carry the fuel which makes it very heavy.
    [0017]
    [0018] In 1982, patent US 4354893 - Combination roofing material unrolling and heat applying apparatus appears (Apparatus that combines the unwinding of roofing material and the application of heat). This patent is characterized by a lightweight design that dispenses with the roller system and the base for the support of the gas cylinder. This mechanism adds a second handle that allows the torches to be moved towards the waterproofing roll as it unwinds improving the application of heat. The main difference is that in this patent burners and fuel are used while in the present application of the invention it is proposed to apply the heat by infrared radiation. In addition, this patent presents several differences between which is the direction of travel of the operator that is backwards, preventing to see if there are elements in the substrate that can cause its fall. A second difference arises in the way in which heat is applied, which is only wide and not radially, which implies that heat must be applied for a longer time since the rest of the roll is at room temperature and does not suffer a preheating.
    [0019]
    [0020] In 1988, US patent 4725328 - Single ply roofing applicator appears. This mechanism has the same characteristics discussed for the previous mechanism, differing only in two aspects: first, two torches are incorporated, placed perpendicularly to the substrate, which are located at both ends to favor the adhesion in the overlaps and, secondly, two rollers are added to each side of the mechanism to improve the adhesion in the overlaps by pressure against the substrate. The main difference is that in this patent burners and fuel are used while in the present application of the invention it is proposed to apply the heat by infrared radiation. In addition, this patent presents several differences between which is the direction of travel of the operator that is backwards, preventing to see if there are elements in the substrate that can cause its fall.
    [0021]
    [0022] In 1993, patent ES 2041192 appears - Method and apparatus for applying a bituminous sheet to a substrate. It is designed a roller system, one of them preheated at a constant temperature (close to 300 ° C), on which the bituminous sheet slides. This patent does not consist of a mechanism as such for the installation of sheets, but in a system of rolls that improve the adhesion with a preheated roller. The main difference is that auxiliary rollers are needed to unwind the sheet.
    [0023]
    [0024] In 2006, US patent 2006/0037710 - Membrane applicator (Membrane applicator) appears. It is characterized by having a base to support a gas cylinder and by incorporating a roller on one side of the mechanism to ensure the adhesion of the overlap. The main difference is that in this patent burners and fuel are used while in the present application of the invention it is proposed to apply the heat by infrared radiation. In addition, this patent presents several differences between which is the direction of travel of the operator that is backwards, preventing to see if there are elements in the substrate that can cause its fall. Another difference is the distance of the application of heat in the bituminous sheet and substrate that causes a cooling prior to undesirable adhesion. A third difference arises from the way in which heat is applied, which is only wide and not radially.
    [0025] Finally, auxiliary rollers are needed to unwind the sheet and a carriage rigid enough to carry the fuel which makes it very heavy.
    [0026]
    [0027] In 2014, US Patent 8887782 - Membrane applying apparatus appears. This patent has been marketed under the name of Unify-ER by the company RES Automatisation Controle. This device is characterized by its remote control (controlled by an operator) and by a greater amount of mobile mechanisms than the rest of the systems that causes this mechanism to increase the weight considerably and make it difficult to use on decks. It also has a base on which to place the gas cylinder, a roller system to improve the unwinding of the bituminous sheet and lateral stops that guide the roll and prevent the appearance of folds when the sheet is placed on the substrate. The main difference is that in this patent burners and fuel are used while in the present application of the invention it is proposed to apply the heat by infrared radiation. In addition, this patent presents four main problems due to the approach and branch of engineering to which its use is intended. A first problem arises from the excessive weight of the system that makes it useful in civil engineering works where the resistance of the structures on which it is waterproofed is greater than in building structures where excessive weight can cause deformations in the structure of the structure. cover or appearance of fissures that increase the risk of structural collapse. A second problem arises from the placement of the roll being necessary to place it through an axis so that the placement of the bituminous sheet must be stopped for longer than if the roll was simply pushed. Another problem is the length of the mechanism that makes its transport and placement on site difficult. Finally, the electronic and battery system increases the chances of failure and makes spare parts increase the cost of maintenance.
    [0028]
    [0029] In addition to these patents, there are various mechanisms on the market whose purpose is to install bituminous sheets, but with a technology and use other than this patent.
    [0030] Seal-Master 1030 (marketed by Scháfer Technic GmbH). It is a machine that allows the installation of bituminous sheets continuously in civil engineering works. It is mainly characterized by the large roller on which the roll of bitumen sheet is placed for unwinding. In addition, this mechanism is not suitable for use on roofs due to its great weight and the use of sheets of greater length than those marketed for roof waterproofing. It also incorporates a base to place the gas cylinder that is used to supply the torches that are located at the bottom of the mechanism. Finally, it also highlights the roller used to ensure the adhesion of the bitumen sheet throughout its width. The main difference is that in this patent burners and fuel are used while in the present application of the invention it is proposed to apply the heat by infrared radiation. This product presents three main problems due to the approach and branch of engineering to which its use is intended. A first problem arises from the excessive weight of the system that makes it useful in civil engineering works where the resistance of the structures on which it is waterproofed is greater than in building structures where excessive weight can cause deformations in the structure of the structure. cover or appearance of fissures that increase the risk of structural collapse. Another problem is the length of the mechanism that makes its transport and placement on site difficult. Finally, the electronic and battery system increases the chances of failure and makes spare parts increase the cost of maintenance.
    [0031]
    [0032] Bitumenbrenner (marketed by Bamert Spenglerei GmbH). This apparatus allows to heat the entire surface of the bituminous sheet since it uses four individualized torches equidistant apart between them, being distributed across the width of the sheet. This apparatus, unlike US 4354893, dispenses with the axis used as a support on which to unwind the bitumen sheet, which is why with this apparatus a second operator is required to unwind the sheet while another heats it. Again, the main difference is that in this patent burners and fuel are used while in the present application of invention it is proposed to apply heat by infrared radiation. In addition, this mechanism has two notable problems. The first problem is the way in which heat is applied, which is only wide and not radially, which means that heat must be applied for a longer time since the rest of the roll is at room temperature and does not undergo preheating . The second problem arises from the need for a second operator to unwind the sheet while the other operator heats it.
    [0033]
    [0034] Description of the invention
    [0035]
    [0036] The present invention refers to a lightweight carriage mechanism that allows the placement of bituminous sheets on flat roofs.
    [0037]
    [0038] The sheet is unwound by an auxiliary wheel and guided by two lateral stops attached to the mechanism. Furthermore, said mechanism is characterized by having a plurality of radiation heaters arranged radially and longitudinally to the sheet to be placed which allows it to be heated uniformly and continuously for its adhesion on the surface while the sheet is spread on the cover. Radiation heaters apply heat to the sheet through electromagnetic radiation in an optimal way since they take advantage of the high radiation absorption coefficient of bitumen (black body). It also consists of a crushing system to ensure the tightness of adhesion.
    [0039]
    [0040] The mechanism consists of the following elements: a lightweight car-shaped and ergonomic structure on which the different elements that make up the assembly are coupled. It consists of two or more wheels to move the entire system with ease, a system of radiation heaters, one or a plurality of adjustable enclosures to avoid heat losses, a crushing system for the correct adhesion of the overlaps, a system for the individual and general electrical regulation of heat flows and, finally, a grip and push element to facilitate the movement of the mechanism to the operator thereof.
    [0041]
    [0042] The mechanism has a width such that it allows the placement of the waterproofing roll of the bituminous sheet between two lateral stops of the car and the unwinding wheel. In this invention it is not necessary to lift the roll since the mechanism is coupled directly. As the roll is supported directly on the ground, it is avoided to add rollers for its support and unrolled, which lightens the assembly. The length is sufficient to transport the radiation heater system of the bitumen sheet and the crushing system. The height of the pusher is adjustable and, therefore, allows anyone to move the mechanism without performing improper or forced postures and movements. To control the heat, a general electric regulator and multiple regulators are installed to control the heat individually of the different heating elements. The heaters arranged on the front can be attached to the carriage frame through a hinged hinge type element to facilitate the loading of the rolls. The enclosure system that prevents heat loss can be adjusted so that, as the bituminous sheet is placed, it can approximate the variable diameter of the roll.
    [0043]
    [0044] The main objective technical novelties of the present invention are: absence of burners and fuel, replaced by radiation heaters thus avoiding the use of fuels; absence of auxiliary rollers for unwinding, reducing weight significantly; Radiator arrangement both radially and longitudinally, optimizing heat transfer; arrangement of the roll to be able to adhere walking forward, reducing the risks of falls.
    [0045]
    [0046] From the technical point of view, the following advantages can be highlighted: a system small enough to be transported in small vans owned by freelancers and small businesses, and light enough to be able to be raised to the decks without special cranes, even between two people; it doesn't need fuels or burners; fine adjustment of the amount of heat contributed to the bituminous sheet by means of the regulators; correct overlap between sheets so that the possibility of water seepage (main pathology on roofs of any type) is minimized; improved sheet placement by completely reducing the appearance of folds in them thanks to the uniform sheet unwinding system; decrease of the time invested in the placement of the waterproofing; heat optimization provided; frontal direction of the displacement so that the operator is able to see the state of the waterproofing surface; and finally, light weight of the mechanism assembly making it compatible with its application in roofs and ceilings of low bearing capacity.
    [0047]
    [0048] From the point of view of occupational health and safety, an advantage of the present invention is the decrease in the number of physical injuries that currently occur when adopting inappropriate or forced postures and movements when the sheets are placed manually, in this way, the Registered casualties or accidents will be reduced. Similarly, the absence of fuels and burners makes the work environment healthier and safer.
    [0049]
    [0050] In the design and use of the mechanism described in the present invention, the width of the commercialized bituminous rolls is taken into account so that they can be placed in the free width of the mechanism. In addition, the wheels that allow movement have a diameter such that it allows the roll of waterproofing sheet to be placed on the front axle so that the wheels are always in contact with the ground for proper movement of the mechanism. Likewise, the length of the mechanism is sufficient so that the heating system used and the roll of bituminous sheet can be placed.
    [0051]
    [0052] The resistant structure of the designed mechanism is made with profiles with the minimum section (square or tubular) and minimum thickness possible to support the weight of the other components that they conform it and that at the same time allow the mechanism to be light. In this way, in addition to being a shock-resistant mechanism, it is also manageable, allowing high durability and easy maneuverability for the operator. So that the operator does not have discomfort in the grip of the handles, there are ergonomic handles that fit the diameter of the profile of the structure.
    [0053]
    [0054] The mechanism consists of a heating system of the bituminous sheet by infrared radiation. The heaters are arranged radially and longitudinally to the sheet achieving a uniform and continuous heating.
    [0055]
    [0056] To use this mechanism, first of all, it is recommended to adjust the general electric heat regulator to be used. After that, the individual flow of each of the heaters that are part of the mechanism must be adjusted to establish that heat is applied uniformly to the sheet. These adjustments must be made taking into account the type of sheet to adhere, at the level of adhesion desired, the conditions of the roof and weather conditions.
    [0057]
    [0058] The described mechanism moves forward, with the help of the operator who places the bituminous sheet, allowing to see if the substrate on which it is placed is dirty or has traces of materials of the work. In this way, the substrate can be cleaned and the bituminous sheet adhered correctly. While the mechanism is moving, the waterproofing roll does the same, unrolling automatically aided by an auxiliary wheel or roller. The heaters are applying heat to the sheet as it adheres to the substrate.
    [0059]
    [0060] Finally, indicate that, while the bituminous sheet is unwound, the operator has the possibility of adjusting the enclosure that controls heat losses, thus taking advantage of all the heat provided and reducing consumption.
    [0061] Description of the drawings
    [0062]
    [0063] Figure 1 shows three orthogonal views of the general design of the mechanism described in this document. The elevation shows the carriage structure [2] of the mechanism that is pushed from the handles [1] located at an ergonomic height for the operator. The wheels [5] that allow the movement of the mechanism. The wheels have a sufficient diameter so that the roll of waterproofing sheet [7] does not lift them, thus having correctly optimized measures. The carriage has two fixing stops [6] on both sides of the roll that keep the roll in position and allow the roll to be redirected while unrolling. The carriage also has a roller [8] located in the center of the carriage and at a height less than the radius of the sheet roll in such a way as to transmit the pushing force to the roll. Being a roller, the horizontal pushing force is transformed into a rotational movement of the roll, facilitating its unwinding.
    [0064]
    [0065] It can also be observed in this elevation the mechanism of improvement of the adhesion in the overlaps (crushing system) [3], whose width is such that it can be adjusted to what is recommended by the manufacturers of waterproofing sheets and good practice. Finally, in this view the radiation heater system [9] supported by a collapsible structure with respect to the general structure of the car can be observed and thus allow the placement of the sheet roll without having to lift it. The heaters are arranged radially and longitudinally to the roll to apply heat evenly, progressively and continuously. The enclosure of the system [10] preferably constructed in metal or ceramic material is also shown. This enclosure is removable. Figure 1 also shows the left profile, the plan view and a detail of the heater system.
    [0066]
    [0067] Figure 2 shows a side view of the system with an explosion of the different subsystems and their location in the car.
    [0068] Figure 3 shows an elevation view of the system with an explosion of the different subsystems and their location in the car.
    [0069]
    [0070] Figure 4 shows a plan view of the system with an explosion of the different subsystems and their location in the car.
    [0071]
    [0072] Description of preferred embodiments
    [0073]
    [0074] The first preferred embodiment is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 shows the mechanism for the rapid laying of bituminous sheets according to a preferred embodiment. The system consists of a structure [2] in which the set of elements that are part of it are installed. These elements include the heating system [9] with its supports [4] that allows the bituminous material to melt so that, while the mechanism is moving, it adheres to the substrate to be waterproofed. This heating system is placed radially and longitudinally around the roll. Radiation heaters apply heat to the sheet through electromagnetic radiation, taking advantage of the high bitumen absorption coefficient.
    [0075]
    [0076] To move the mechanism, a series of wheels [5] are installed, which allow the assembly of the mechanism to be moved while the bitumen sheet is placed as when transported to the point where it is to be installed. In addition, this set of wheels allows the system to be stable and helps that, while the sheet is unwound and the bituminous layer melts, creases are not created that decrease the effectiveness of the waterproofing. Also included is a system [3] that avoids said folds and improves the adhesion of the overlaps between sheets.
    [0077]
    [0078] To heat and / or preheat the bituminous layer that covers the waterproofing sheet, a heater system shown in Figure 1 and in Figure 2 is used. In addition, this system It consists of an insulated protective enclosure against heat [10] that prevents the operator from having direct contact with the hot air and keeps the energy on the sheet. As can be seen in Figure 1, this system allows to preheat and gradually increase the temperature of the bituminous surface while, when the mechanism moves, the sheet is unwound. In this way the heat applied is better used and losses are reduced, making a more efficient system.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    1. Light mechanism for the rapid laying of bituminous sheets [7] in flat roof waterproofing, comprising:
    - a structure [2] as a support for the different elements that are part of the mechanism, this structure is pushed through a handle [1].
    - electromagnetic radiation heater system for the sheet [9] arranged radially and longitudinally to the sheet and supported by a structure [4] that can be foldable with respect to the carriage structure [2].
    - wheels for movement [5] of the mechanism assembly,
    - lateral stops [6] and auxiliary wheel [8] for unwinding of the bituminous sheet.
    - enclosure to avoid heat loss [10].
    - gravity crushing system [3] to improve the adhesion of the overlaps.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2737755B2|2020-06-24|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    CH443385A|1966-08-09|1967-09-15|Hans Erismann Ag|Process for road marking and device for carrying out the process|
    US4806194A|1988-03-07|1989-02-21|Wald Richard D|Roofing paper applicator|
    CN2128648Y|1992-06-30|1993-03-24|赵义宝|Hot-smelting coiled material electric heating flooring machine|
    EP1624129A2|2004-07-30|2006-02-08|Aoi Techno. Service Kabushiki Kaisha|Waterproof sheet in-situ application machine|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201830702A|ES2737755B2|2018-07-13|2018-07-13|Lightweight mechanism for quick laying of bituminous sheets in flat roof waterproofing|ES201830702A| ES2737755B2|2018-07-13|2018-07-13|Lightweight mechanism for quick laying of bituminous sheets in flat roof waterproofing|
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